Technically she was not the first female pharaoh as female regents had ruled before her, but it is claimed that she was not only one of Egypt's greatest queens but one of the greatest pharaohs to have ever lived. Hatshepsut’s image, as seen in early cartouches and sculptures shows that she adopted a masculine look, complete with a shaved head and a false beard more associated with male rulers. The second confirmed female pharaoh, Hatshepsut, also known by her throne name Maatkare was born in 1508 BC and governed Egypt in the 18th Dynasty, the first royal dynasty of the New Kingdom (1550 – 1077) and one now hailed as the ‘golden age’ of pharaohs and the empire’s most prosperous time.
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Films referencing King Khufu range from Howard Hawks’ 1955 movie Land of the Pharaohs to the 1995 blockbuster Stargate, in which an extraterrestrial device is found near the pyramids. The story tapped into the era’s fascination with anything Egyptian, a fashion that would last well into the Victorian period. This three-volume novel concerns the Egyptian mummy of Cheops, who is brought back to life. In 1827, Jane C Loudon wrote the novel The Mummy!. Read more about: Ancient History 10 Things the Ancient Egyptians Gave Us Because of the king’s association with Egypt’s culture of mausoleums and its rituals revolving around mummification and the afterlife, Khufu has become an iconic symbol of Egypt’s ancient past and has inspired countless novels and movies over the decades. Documents written about Khufu were years after his death, and so conflicting descriptions of the king have left him a somewhat enigmatic and mysterious figure. Many other statues of Khufu were found in fragments and his structures built at the time of his reign now lost.
But very little documented evidence remains about his reign and the only completely preserved portrait of Khufu is a three-inch high ivory figurine discovered in 1903. Khufu is seen as the originator of the concept of pyramids as monumental mausoleums for Egyptian Kings and Queens who were revered as gods. This revolutionary structural concept for royal burials was replaced with hidden tombs in the Valley of the Kings after it became apparent pyramids were a big neon light saying ‘this way to the gold!’ Reign and Legacy Khufu’s Great Pyramid (the largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex) was conceived as his stairway to heaven and passage to eternal life.
The pyramid was the tallest man-made structure at 146.7 metres (481 ft) for the best part of 4000 years and estimated to weigh approximately 6 million tonnes. Famous for building the Great Pyramid of Giza, also known as the ‘Pyramid of Khufu’ it is considered the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the World in existence that is also intact. Khufu (reign 2589 – 2566 BC)Īlso known as Cheops (Greek translation), Khufu was the second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty in the first half of the Old Kingdom period.
Here, we look at some of the Egyptian period's most influential rulers which by the year 1386BC was already 2000 years old and had been ruled by eighty-six pharaohs though this was not used to address the kings of Egypt until the 19th Dynasty in 1200 BC.
One pharoah on the list whose existence was revealed in the 19th century led to a re-ordering of the system to accommodate this overlooked king. Although there were hazy, intermediate periods between 30 dynasties, grouped and called the Old, Middle and New Kingdoms respectively, the dates themselves merged, creating a system that appeared to be watertight.
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